Friday, December 7, 2012
Why the unrest in Egypt still continue?
Q & A: What's driving Egypt's unrest?
In scenes reminiscent ofthe mass demonstrations that brought about the downfall of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in early 2011, thousands of protestors have have taken to the streets in increasingly heated protests over the past two weeks. Five people were killed and 446 injured in clashes between pro- and anti-Morsy demonstrators outside the presidential palace in Cairo, the Egyptian health ministry said Thursday, as tanks rolled into the area in an attempt to disperse protesters.
What's behind the latest unrest?
The protests were sparked by a November 22 presidential decree issued by President Mohamed Morsy -- the first freely elected leader of this country of 83 million -- which prevented any court from overturning his decisions until a new, post-Mubarak constitution was passed. The ruling has essentially given him unchecked power, protecting from judicial review any decisions he has made since assuming office.
What was Morsy's rationale?
Insisting the order is temporary -- it will last only until a new constitution is put in place -- Morsy claimed the move was intended to safeguard the revolution. He said the edict would only apply to "sovereign" matters.
In particular, Morsy said, the edict was aimed at preventing interference from the courts in the work of Egypt's Constituent Assembly, the body charged with drafting a new constitution. The judges, many of whom were holdover loyalistsfrom the government ofMubarak, are widely viewed as hostile to theIslamists who now dominate the assembly that has been charged with framing a new constitution. Some had threatened to shut down the assembly.
Morsy's move, which has concentrated powerin the hands of the executive, is a continuation of the power struggles between Morsy's MuslimBrotherhood -- the Islamist movement that is Egypt's most powerful political force and won nearly half theseats in parliamentary elections -- and the remnants of the military-dominated establishment of the Mubarak years.
In June, just weeks before Morsy's election,Egypt's military leaders declared parliament invalid and dissolved the body, a ruling whichwas upheld by Egypt's highest court in September. After his election, Morsy defied the military leadership by calling parliament into session. Morsy's edict ruled out the possibility of repeat interference.
In August, the presidentmoved decisively against the military leadership, sending intoretirement Field MarshalMohammed Hussein Tantawi -- who, as Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, had acted as the country's de facto ruler in the wake of Mubarak's ouster and prior to Morsy's election.
What has been the response to the presidential decree?
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